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Tampa cigar makers' strike of 1931
The Tampa cigar makers' strike of 1931 took place in Ybor City, Tampa, Florida in the months of November and December. Some strikers were jailed, "Lectors" were banned and there was a lockout. Following legal intervention, some workers returned to work at previous wage levels but others were not re-employed. Lectors had by tradition been elected by the workers and, as well as reading aloud newspaper articles, often from left-wing radical publications, they recited and acted more generally, including from classic works – effectively they provided a form of education for illiterate workers. So, the most significant effect of the strike in the longer term was that this culture was brought to an end.
== Summary ==
The Tampa cigar makers strike took place in Ybor City, Florida between the months of November and December 1931. It was made up of a highly unionized, militant cigar maker workforce who had a long history of radical labor–-management relations dating back to the 1880s when Cuban immigrants first began building the Florida cigar industry. Due to rising unemployment and falling wages in the wake of the Great Depression, workers of the Tobacco Workers Industrial Union engaged in radical demonstrations, most notably, the celebration of the anniversary of the Russian Revolution. In doing so, 17 workers were jailed. This sparked a preliminary walkout by workers but more importantly prompted factory owners to expel the widely renowned “Lector” in the cigar factories. This “Lector” was a fellow worker who would read aloud newspapers and literature to an illiterate Cuban workforce during production periods to keep workers’ minds occupied. The readings were very often pro-union, leftist and anti-corporation.〔
After the displays of radicalism from the Cuban workers, factory owners accused the Lector of proliferating Communist propaganda and banned him from the workplace.〔 This was a bitter loss for the workers and led to a three-week strike in which vigilante squads, the police and the Ku Klux Klan clashed with affiliates of the Trade Union Unity League of the Communist Party, a branch of the Tobacco Workers Industrial Union.〔 The strike finally ended on December 15, 1931. The Lector, replaced by a radio, was never returned to the workplace.〔 The significance of the 1931 Tampa Cigar Makers Strike is that despite a highly unionized workforce, and despite a constitutionally backed argument for the right to free speech, it spelled the end of an age-old, artisan privilege for the cigar workers who were falling prey to the new, industrial age setting in on the United States.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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